Your liberal arts degree and a Google Search does not make you a science expert.

I’ve had a weird week. First, everyone, and I mean EVERYONE appears to be sick. I was out for an errand today and every single civilian, customer, clerk, salesperson, bystander and onlooker was sniffing, coughing, groaning or complaining. It was another one of those “I wonder if the server disconnected” moments when I realized… I heard on the radio that there is another black death or some such coming out of China such that the airports are taking passenger temperatures. Maybe I should start thinking about stocking up for the coming “Mad Max” end times. By the way, my “normal” temperature has been the 36.4C/97.5F since I was a kid. If I’m 99.3F take me immediately to China.

[Note to self: Write about that Division Meeting where the chemists wouldn’t participate.]

Anyway, it’s just about the end of winter break and I’m thrilled to say I’m going to get to teach pharm this semester with a starting class of four (count ‘em) students. If 1/4-1/3 of them drop, it will be hilarious. On the other hand, if we decide to do a socially-conscious project, everyone can just jump in my Venza and we can go to drive-thru on the way.

The new 3-hour class meets twice weekly for 75 minutes (weird) and I’ve decided the first class will be a combo Sherlock Holmes case and show and tell. So I had to go get some show and tell stuff, so we could play the game of “What’s on the label”, “What’s actually in the bottle” and “What about Naomi?” Ugh I hate paying money for poison and placebos sold as medicine… but I had a $5 coupon for Target so I suppose the gods might forgive me.

Today I also renewed my nonpartisanmedicine.org domain. I still feel I should do something with it to teach internet health news literacy. I just get so cross when I see or hear folks with English or History degrees writing health or medical news, because 99% of the time it is wrong, and sometimes it is so incredibly wrong that it could potentially lead someone who doesn’t know better to eschew proven treatment for something either useless or something proven to be harmful.

Okay, and I fully understand that every 10 years 10% (that’s 1/10th) of what we think we know turns out to be wrong. But some stuff is statistically very very unlikely. Right? Like, if you have a wound infection, as a first move, will it be better to A) wash it out, keep it clean, drain any abscesses and take antibiotics or B) pour honey on it?

I mean, if someone pours honey on their dirty wound, they might live. People did it in the middle ages and some of those people lived. Most died horribly, sure. But statistically, some people do have amazing immune systems and are super lucky in terms of what random bacteria get into their wounds. So if you go back in time and talk to Larry the Grubby from Kent, who poured honey on his wound in 1342 after he was kicked by a horse and lived with only a scar to show for it, you might think, “Oh hey! This is a great idea! I’ll do this!” Because you don’t know about the 99 people who died of sepsis who tried the same thing.

Or maybe in modern times you read a report or article where someone poured pasteurized honey on a wound in addition to all the normal measures like antibiotics and the wound closed. So you think, “Oh hey, I knew it! My office mate told me that people have used honey for thousands of years on their filthy wounds, and the human race still exists, so it must be a great treatment!” Well, people drank donkey urine to cure a lot of problems in the past too; should you use that too? (Answer: No. No you shouldn’t).

I heard someone on a podcast this week say, “No one will research the wound healing properties of honey because big pharma can’t make money off of it.”

First of all, “big pharma” (or anyone) could of course make money off of it. Dude, in 1998 we paid $75 for each paper surgical gown used in a procedure. You don’t think companies could charge out the wazoo for some specially treated and labeled sugars? All they have to do is take some honey, filter and sterilize it, put it in special surgical packaging and charge $80 for the originally $1 honey. It’s a goldmine. Why didn’t I think of it?

Hold on, let me see if someone has… OMG on Amazon you can buy “medical grade honey” for $60 a bottle. That is hilarious. What a scam. I was even pretty good about guessing the price.

Second, no one is doing research on how it works because anyone who was paying attention in high school biology and chemistry knows how it works. It is anti-bacterial because it is just sugar (it’s the same chemical makeup as so-called high-fructose corn syrup) and the osmotic pull sucks all the fluid out of any water-filled cells it comes in contact with, including bacteria. (If you don’t believe me, pay attention the next time you eat a lot of concentrated sugar in one sitting (Halloween?). It will suck water out of your stomach and intestinal cells and the water now inside your bowels will stretch them, triggering cramps and diarrhea. You’re welcome!)

Anyway, it makes me cross when people say they are an expert in something medical when they definitely aren’t even close.

Regardless, next time I get a wound, I’ll take the clean water and antibiotics please. I’ll reserve the sugar for my tea.

Photo by Linnea Boyev

Photo by Linnea Boyev

Norwegian phrase of the day: honning og sukker

Translation: honey and sugar

Use in a sentence: Bare de største krigerne bruker honning of sukker i Valhall!

Only the greatest warriors use honey and sugar in Valhalla!





Warriors just love chanting the alphabet!

So I actually bought a PS4 a while ago specifically so I could play Senua’s Sacrifice. It had Viking iconography in it (CHECK), Celtic costuming (CHECK), Elder Futhark (YES!) and dealt with mental illness (WIN). I had to play. It was everything I wanted and totally worth the price of the console. You play with headphones so you can experience the sound of voices in your head because the player character Senua has schizophrenia. In fact, as the game progressed I realized that one take could be that every fight and interaction could plausibly be a hallucination. That makes the entire story even more simultaneously terrifying and sad. I don’t think I am spoiling the game by saying at the end you can interpret that Senua decides to accept her fate and accept herself and just proceed with life with the voices and hallucinations.

So I just saw the trailer for Senua 2 that is going to be only released on Xbox X (really?!). Here it is:

Okay, looks like she embraced it and decided to become a shaman or violent or maybe is just going to go on a quest for vengence for the face tattoos. Who knows? The music is from a Danish band called Heilung (German for healing); it’s one of these Old Norse groups (bands?) that recreate the old Germanic/Nordic/Celtic/Viking style and I guess celebrate (our?) Germanic/Nordic/Celtic//Viking heritage of running around smeared with mud wearing antlers and not being literate. I’m half Scottish by descent and hey, I’m all for it. In America the Scots as a folk are mostly famous for being drunks and voicing fantasy dwarves. So sure, yay for being a Viking raider and pillaging monasteries! It’s something. I’ll put on antlers and a kilt if I can join in on a heritage month I guess? I made this faux stained window to show the Viking travels west because why not.

BoyevWindowVikingsToAmerica.jpg

Anyway, the lyrics for the trailer go thusly:

Tawol athodu / Ek erilaz owlthuthewaz / Niwaremariz saawilagar / Hateka harja!

*(Which is a chant meaning basically "Oh Odin, dude, help us out in battle!)

In the song, if you want to track it down, this is followed by the terrifying chanting of the Elder Futhark Alphabet. Which sounds super tough... but it is the alphabet. I find this hilarious!

If you want to sing along with Heilung (it's so catchy!) here is the Elder Futhark Alphabet: (Þ is pronounced like a hard th)

fehu / uruz / Þurisaz /ansuz / raiÞo / kaunaz / gebo / wunjo / hagalaz / nauÞiz / isa / jera / eihwaz / perÞ / algiz / sowulo / telwaz / berkana / ehwaz / mannaz / laguz / inguz / dagaz / oÞila

Singing your letters will terrify your enemies!

Elder Futhark. This image is my own and if you want to use it I christen it public domain. -Linnea Boyev

Elder Futhark. This image is my own and if you want to use it I christen it public domain. -Linnea Boyev



Teaching Tip #2 Three Quick Tips: Writing Objective Test Questions

(By me, published September 25 via Office of Professional Development at Oakton)

It's already a month into the semester (gah! How did that happen?!) and so you are probably working on or will have just handed out at least one big written exam, if that's a thing you do in your course. If you have a lot of students, you likely want to speed up grading if possible, and you might have opted to include some matching, true/false or multiple choice/single answer (MCSA) questions.

Educational research shows that the most reliable testing using these types of questions includes as many questions as possible. You also want to minimize the number of questions that will benefit poor students who know how to game the system or questions that slow down or penalize good students who truly know the material.

In my upcoming faculty seminar "How to write better assessments" we'll be looking at all sorts of ways to maximize the quality of your questions as well as how to make grading of essays and performances as easy as possible. For now here are a few teasers to get you started.

Matching

Example: Which of the following two silly matching questions can you do more quickly?

Question 1:

Matching: Put the best answer in the blank provided. Answers are used once or not at all.

 

____1. donkey

____2. cat

____3. snake

____4. polar bear

A. Covered in fur, chases mice, worshipped by Egyptians and YouTube viewers

B. covered in scales, has hidden ears, often the movie villain

C. an excellent swimmer, lives in sewers, misunderstood, trains cartoon ninja turtles

D. big soulful eyes, can be ridden in the Grand Canyon, might be Pinocchio

E. lives in Arctic, hides in snow eating a marshmallow, drinks Coca-Cola

Question 2.

Matching: Put the best answer in the blank provided. Answers are used once or not at all.

 

_____1. made of only one cell, can only be seen with a microscope, found in hot tubs

_____2. is green and thin, looks like it is praying, has an exoskeleton, the female eats the male

_____3. pushes poop balls around, looks like a scarab, world's strongest creature but no superhero is named after it

_____4. says "cluck cluck", has wings, tastes like everything.

A. amoeba

B. chicken

C. dung beetle

D. praying mantis

E. salmon

If you use Matching to have students match definitions or traits with a list of terms, names or other short identifiers, put the list with the shortest phrases or terms on the right in alphabetical order.  The good student will recognize your definition quickly, know the name or scan the list, find it and move on. If you do it the other way around, you are unnecessarily slowing down the students who studied.   

Note also you always give at least one extra option in the answer options column.  This avoids double jeopardy as well as process of elimination.

True/False Questions

Try not to use these; your students have a 50% chance of guessing correctly and that means that to make a reliable quiz or exam you’ll need a LOT of questions. 

 If you have no option but to use True/False (because you wrote it in your syllabus already this semester or some such) then:

  • Ask students to correct the false statements so you know they knew why the statement was false.

  • Never, ever use a statement copy/pasted from your handout, video or reading.  Students can recognize a phrase or sentence but still have no idea what it actually means. 

  • Students know that you'll statistically have more true than false statements, so if they get stuck on a couple they'll fill in accordingly.  Have a few more false statements than true to push back on that technique.  Also, don't have an alternating pattern of True and False statements; that's another pattern students watch for.

Multiple Choice, Single Answer (MCSA)

Example:

Multiple Choice. Select the best answer and write the corresponding letter in the blank provided.

 

____3. Last Sunday, Linnea Boyev ate which of the following?

A. A large drive through container of Baja macaroni and cheese

B. Seven Blow Pops

C. Thirty-four ounces of Diet Cherry Pepsi

D. Two bananas

E. All of the above

Of course, the answer is E. All of the Above.  You don't need to know anything about me to guess that.  On multiple choice exams, students know that if "All of the Above" or "None of the Above" appear suddenly, that will be the correct answer about two-thirds of the time.  Students are so trained to look for this that you can trick good students into answering “All of the Above” even on easy questions.

How to fix this?  Don't use All of the Above or None of the Above unless it is an option for every single question. 

 If you really want multiple answer type questions, avoid the complicated alphabet soup depicted in the following question:

 

____4. Which of the following were members of The Beatles? (Select the best answer; put the corresponding letter in the blank provided.)

A. John

B. Paul

C. Ringo

D. Steve

F. A and B

G. B and C

H. A, B and C

I. All of the Above

J. None of the Above

That sort of nightmare option array just slows everyone down.  Remember, if you want to use multiple choice format, your target is to ask more questions, not just a few unnecessarily hard ones. 

Multiple choice, multiple answer (MCMA) questions on the other hand, especially those where the student only gets credit if every blank is correctly filled in or left blank, are much more tricky. MCMA questions definitely slow everyone down.  Use them sparingly.  Students cannot use process of elimination.  On the positive side, studies show students will study much more thoroughly for MCMA than for MCSA (single answer) questions.  On the negative side you will end up asking fewer questions if you have limited exam time.

For example, a multiple choice, multiple answer (MCMA) Beatles question could have been written:

 

5. Which of the following were members of The Beatles?

(Select all that apply. There are between 1 and 4 correct answers.)

 ___John

 ___Paul

 ___Ringo

 ___Steve

Or, for those of you born after 1990 ("The Beatles" was a music band your parents liked), here's another animal identification question:

 

6. Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of a polar bear?

(Select all that apply. There are between 1 and 4 correct answers.)

 ___has white fur

 ___eats baby seals

 ___has an exoskeleton

 ___lives in the Arctic

But note you only assessed polar bear knowledge in this question that is essentially four true/false questions.  In the same amount of time you could have asked four single answer questions about four different animals that good students would have breezed through.

 For more pro tips and fun with exams (hey, we don't have to take them!), join me for my faculty seminar "Writing Better Assessments" at 4pm on Wednesdays starting October 2 this semester.  [Editor- Offer no longer valid]

 ...and remember, when in doubt, always guess B.  (The "C" thing is a myth!)

Some links: